The weekly Food Research and Action Center (FRAC) News Digest highlights what's new on hunger, nutrition and poverty issues at FRAC, at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, around the network of national, state and local anti-poverty and anti-hunger organizations, and in the media. The Digest will alert you to trends, reports, news items and resources and, when available, link you directly to them.

1. Food Stamp Participation in August 2005 Nearly 1.2 Million Above August 2004 Level
2. USDA Study: Food Stamp Receipt, Summer Meals, State Tax Policy Help Explain Differences in State Food Insecurity Rates
3. Editorial: Balancing Budget on Backs of the Poor Is Shameful
4. Op-Ed: Washington Should Take Notice of Public Support for Food Stamps
5. La Raza, Maryland Official, Republican House Members All Question Food Stamp Cuts
6. Column: Congress May Cut Low-Income Programs That Are “Lifeblood” for Iowans
7. Editorial: Injustice of Cutting Food Programs Is Only Exceeded by Its Absurdity
8. Op-Ed: Food Banks Cannot Compensate if Congress Cuts Food Stamps
9. Op-Ed: Program Cuts Once Again Target the Poor
10. Op-Ed: Do Not Cut a Food Stamp Program That Worked So Well After Katrina
11. Editorial: Defer Tax Cuts, Do Not Cut Programs
12. Maine: 80 Groups Rally; Two Maine Senators Express Doubts About Budget Cuts
13. Editorial: Fiscal Restraint Starts With Dropping Tax Cuts, Saving Programs for Disadvantaged
14. Aggressive Food Stamp Outreach Helping Oregon Reduce Hunger
15. Texas Is Most Food Insecure State
16. Utah Ranks Fifth Worst in Food Insecurity
17. News Release: USDA Awards Grants for Food Program Research
18. Study: Competitive Foods Have Become More Available in Schools Over Last Five Years
19. Florida: Disaster Food Stamp Program May Help Migrant Farmworkers
20. California: Shopping Carts Substitute for Cars for Poor People
21. Texas: WIC Clients Will Shop with Electronic Cards Instead of Paper Vouchers

1. Number of Hungry and Food Insecure Americans Jumped to 38 Million in 2004 Level

(“Food Stamp Participation in August 2005: Nearly 1.2 Million Above August 2004 Level,” frac.org, November 7, 2005)

Food stamp participation rose by 201,764 people in August 2005 to 25,765,739, for an over-the-year increase of nearly 1.2 million people. This marked the fifth monthly caseload increase in the first eight months of 2005. Food Stamp Program growth has been reflecting continuing wage stagnation, state and local action to improve program access, and the effects of the implementation of the 2002 food stamp reauthorization. Participation has risen in 49 of the last 56 months. Compared to a year earlier, participation in August 2005 rose in all but five states. Participation in August 2005 was 8.89 million more persons than in July, 2000.

2. USDA Study: Food Stamp Receipt, Summer Meals, State Tax Policy Help Explain Differences in State Food Insecurity Rates

(“State-Level Predictors of Food Insecurity and Hunger Among Households with Children,” ers.usda.gov, October 2005)

This report by USDA’s Economic Research Service examines interstate differences in household food security, finding links to the availability and accessibility of federal food programs, policies affecting the economic well-being of low-income families, and states’ economic and social characteristics. In particular, “we document potentially important roles for the Food Stamp and summer meal programs in reducing the risk of food insecurity among families with children, suggesting that efforts to enhance the accessibility of these programs could be beneficial. Further, we demonstrate that policies outside of the nutrition area (here, tax policy) can either help or hinder families’ ability to meet food related needs. This suggests that efforts to increase food security would benefit from a broad focus on the range of policies that affect family economic well-being, rather than a narrow focus limited to nutrition assistance programs.” The report found that a strong food security infrastructure particularly benefits families that are economically vulnerable, yet have incomes above the poverty line. It is especially important to strengthen the food security infrastructure in those states that show unexpectedly high rates of food insecurity.

http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/CCR13/

3. Editorial: Balancing Budget on Backs of the Poor Is Shameful

(“Simply Shameful,” sacbee.com, November 1, 2005)

What Republican members of the House Agriculture Committee passed for food stamps “is shameful,” writes The Sacramento Bee. Notwithstanding the deep pockets of poverty in this country, exposed by Hurricane Katrina, they propose “to cut one of the nation's most important and basic safety net programs – food stamps.” The cuts would harm low-income working families and legal immigrants. Of four Californians on the House Agriculture committee, only Rep. Richard Pombo voted for the food stamp cuts. He and other Republicans on the committee voted for these cuts on the same day that USDA released a report showing that the number of individuals who do not have enough food because they cannot afford it increased from 33.2 million people in 2000 to 38.2 million people in 2004 (13.2 percent of U.S. population). Congress “should turn back the mean-spirited attempt to balance the budget on the backs of the poor.”

http://www.sacbee.com/content/opinion/story/13798487p-14640050c.html

4. Op-Ed: Washington Should Take Notice of Public Support for Food Stamps

(“Food Stamps Fill a Critical Need,” seattlepi.nwsource.com, November 3, 2005)

“The federal budget is overspent, and families in this country are struggling. Politicians are looking for a path toward fiscal responsibility at the same time that parents are working overtime and still wondering how they will pay rent, put food on the table, and buy their kids heavy coats once the winter chill sets in,” write Jeff Bridges, founder of the End Hunger Network, and H. Eric Schockman, president of MAZON: A Jewish Response to Hunger, in The Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Ironically, the House of Representatives’ cuts to food stamps that will leave 300,000 more people hungry and with nowhere to turn come on the heels of a USDA report stating that there are 38 million food insecure Americans. In the aftermath of Katrina, which placed the poverty problem front and center, “one element of the relief plan met with immediate and universal applause: the Food Stamp Program.” By providing basic nutrition for people’s physical and intellectual development, food stamps promote productivity, the foundation of the economy. “As Americans respond with unqualified enthusiasm [towards food assistance to the poor], the message to Washington is clear: Hands off the social safety net.”

http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/opinion/246833_foodstamps03.html

5. La Raza, Maryland Official, Republican House Members All Question Food Stamp Cuts

(“Food Stamp Cuts Are On Table,” washingtonpost.com, November 3, 2005)

The House of Representatives’ decision to cut food stamps for 70,000 legal immigrants will reverse President Bush's action to restore such benefits. “Going back on this is a reversal of all the achievements Bush has made with immigrants,” said Jennifer Ng'andu of the National Council of La Raza. “These are lawful residents, good enough to die for our country in Iraq but not good enough to get food stamps.” The House cuts also will result in tightening food stamp eligibility for some recipients who qualify for food aid because they qualify for other anti-poverty welfare programs. Richard Larson of the Maryland Department of Human Resources criticized this step saying Maryland took advantage of 2002 changes in the law to reduce the heavy paperwork associated with anti-poverty program applications. If a family qualifies for one program, such as Maryland's family-preservation services, this family is automatically enrolled in food stamps. The House-spurred change in eligibility would particularly hurt people moving off welfare, Larson pointed out. White House officials noted that the savings from USDA programs can be achieved without food stamp cuts, as the Senate has shown. “Some Republicans worry that social service cuts, though relatively small, might have outsized political ramifications, especially when Republicans move in the coming weeks to cut taxes for the fifth time in as many years. Those tax cuts, totaling $70 billion over five years, would more than offset the deficit reduction that would result from the budget cuts.” Moderate Rep. Michael N. Castle said, “The problem is the interrelationship between cutting taxes, which no matter what you do will be viewed as cutting taxes for the rich, and reducing programs for the poor. It's that simple.”

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/02/AR2005110203007.html

6. Column: Congress May Cut Low-Income Programs That Are “Lifeblood” for Iowans

(“What's Scary? Slashing Needed Aid,” desmoinesregister.com, October 30, 2005)

In search for budget cut targets, Congressional Republicans have been aiming at Medicare and Medicaid, child support enforcement, student loan subsidies and food stamps. “These programs make the difference between whether people eat, get a higher education, and collect what's owed by their kids' non-custodial parents – or not. And now you have the poor competing with one another for help,” writes Rekha Basu, The Des Moines Register columnist. The Iowa Citizen Action Network, Iowa Fiscal Partnership, Iowa conference of the United Methodist Church, and other agencies held public hearings that tell us what could be the impact of such cuts on Iowans. Roberta Victor of Des Moines said the majority of families served by her Presbyterian church have full time minimum wage jobs that do not pay enough to weather an unexpected illness or a broken car. “Please do not burden these families further by cutting food stamps,” she implored. Barbara Grant of Cedar Falls said, “People are really struggling and yet they are mostly hidden in this struggle.” The people needing food stamps are “working, elderly or disabled.” Marlene Brown of Macedonia survived on food stamps after leaving an alcoholic husband and having to feed two young children. She is a United Methodist minister now. For the poor, every dollar counts. In contrast to FEMA’s spending $236 million for a cruise line to accommodate hurricane victims and $25,000 to $35,000 to store a $6,000 load of unused emergency ice, food stamps now have the lowest rate of fraud and abuse in its history.

http://www.desmoinesregister.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=200551030003

7. Editorial: Injustice of Cutting Food Programs Is Only Exceeded by Its Absurdity

(“Cut Pork, Not Food for the Hungry,” mankatofreepress.com, November 3, 2005)

After overindulging in federal spending, Congress now wants “to put hungry people on a diet,” editorializes the MankatoFree Press. “The injustice of this is only exceeded by its absurdity.” The House Agriculture Committee voted to cut food stamps for 300,000 needy people and to deny 40,000 children school lunches and breakfasts. These cuts come at a time when the number of Americans who cannot afford to buy enough food grew to 38.2 million in 2004, an increase of 7 million in the last five years. Locally, in Blue Earth County alone, food stamp spending accounted for $2.1 million in 2003, compared to $1.8 million in 2002. Providing food not only helps the hungry, but also improves returns on community investments in education. The Senate Agriculture Committee made a similar budget cutting decision, but spared food stamps. The budget goals can be achieved by trimming other programs. For example, rescinding federal pork barrel projects in this year’s transportation bill can save $24 billion, according to the Concord Coalition.

http://tinyurl.com/86emn

8. Op-Ed: Food Banks Cannot Compensate if Congress Cuts Food Stamps

(“Food Stamps Are a Lifeline for Many Poor Ohioans,” shop.dispatch.com, October 29, 2005)

“At a time when our nation is mounting an unprecedented disaster-relief campaign, the last thing our elected leaders should be considering is weakening programs that help families in need,” writes Lisa Hamler-Fugitt, executive director of the Ohio Association of Second Harvest Foodbanks, in The Columbus Dispatch. Low-income families have increasingly relied on food assistance in recent years. Eligible families receive less than $1 per meal of food-stamp support per person. In Ohio, children, senior citizens, and low wage workers, who make ends meet with the help of food stamps, have become “part of the fabric” of this state. ”It is unrealistic to believe that food pantries and soup kitchens can absorb the increase in demand that would be spurred by drastic cuts to our nation’s most-valuable nutrition program,” states Hamler-Fugitt. “Emergency food providers in Ohio already are overwhelmed. Food lines are long and inventories are low.”

http://tinyurl.com/b5ude (subscription required)

9. Op-Ed: Program Cuts Once Again Target the Poor

(“Program Cuts Show Prejudice Against Poor,” bsudailynews.com, October 31, 2005)

The House of Representatives voted to slash student loans, no matter that students across the country depend on this help and have, on average, student loan debt of $10,000, writes Alaric DeArment, a junior journalism major, in The Ball State Daily News. But the budget cutting “doesn’t stop there.” The House cut food stamp programs by $844 million. “I remember living on food stamps as a little kid,” recalls DeArment. “Even at the tender age of five, I couldn’t help but feel embarrassed in the check-out line when everybody else paid in cash, but we had to pay in slips of paper that looked like play money. Still, those little slips of paper meant the difference between eating dinner and going to bed hungry. I wonder if President George W. Bush ever had that experience.” Moreover, “the programs our leaders cut always fall into a certain category . . . . invariably . . . programs designed to help the poor.” As Representative David Obey said, “They are targeting programs for poor people to pay for tax cuts for rich people.”

http://www.bsudailynews.com/vnews/display.v/ART/2005/10/31/43659bdd5e94f

10. Op-Ed: Do Not Cut a Food Stamp Program That Worked So Well After Katrina

(“Protect Food Stamps,” burlingtonfreepress.com, November 2, 2005)

With poverty and hunger on the rise, it is not the time to cut the Food Stamp Program, “the most important anti-hunger program in this country,“ writes Robert Dostis, a Democratic state representative, in the Burlington Free Press. The Vermont Campaign to End Childhood Hunger has partnered with many other organizations to help Vermonters struggling to put food on the table sign up for the program. The Campaign helped create a website, www.vermontfoodhelp.com, to inform people about food benefits. And these efforts translated into an 8.1 percent increase (3,700 persons) in food stamp participation last year. Studies show that food stamp recipients buy foods healthier than the foods purchased by people not receiving food assistance. In the Katrina aftermath, the Food Stamp Program responded quickly, worked well, and “delivered not only a way to feed families, but a message that something was working and someone was paying attention. We must encourage Congress to protect, not cut, this important anti-hunger program. Vermont’s former Senator, George Aiken, is considered the father of the Food Stamp Program. Senator Leahy’s leadership to stop any further unraveling of the nutrition safety net is needed now more than ever.”

http://tinyurl.com/dempv

11. Editorial: Defer Tax Cuts, Do Not Cut Programs

(“Wee Sacrifice,” fortwayne.com, October 31, 2005)

“Congress is asking Americans to sacrifice in order to help pay for hurricane relief and recovery in New Orleans and the Gulf Coast. Well, some Americans, namely the poorest,” writes this editorial in the Fort Wayne News Sentinel. Before the hurricanes, Congress planned to cut $35 billion in programs as Medicaid and food stamps. Then the number rose to $50 million, and now the House of Representatives is considering also an across-the-board 2 percent cut in federal discretionary spending. This cut would take away $82 million from Head Start and Early Head Start, “the highly effective programs that have helped prepare the nation's poorest children to succeed in kindergarten and beyond.” In Oklahoma, 527 disadvantaged children, who are eligible for these programs, would be denied the opportunity of improving their lives. Meanwhile, Congress is planning to give middle class and wealthy taxpayers $70 billion in tax cuts over five years. “Over the long haul it will be our children and grandchildren who will pay the bill for the huge deficits that are being racked up . . . [by] the policy of borrowing, spending and cutting taxes. If they only understood that, most Americans would probably agree to defer the next round of tax cuts.”

http://www.fortwayne.com/mld/newssentinel/news/editorial/13045427.htm

12. Maine: 80 Groups Rally; Two Maine Senators Express Doubts About Budget Cuts

(“Coalition Rallies against Federal Cuts,” bangornews.com, November 1, 2005)

A diverse coalition of more than 80 groups, including the Maine People's Alliance, the Natural Resources Council of Maine and the Roman Catholic Diocese of Portland, rallied in opposition to budget cuts that disproportionately target the poorest Americans. “It does not make sense to us that the challenges following Katrina should be met with proposals for further cuts in food stamps, Medicaid,” and other programs, said the coalition’s statement. Preston Hartman, spokesman for Maine Republican senator, Olympia Snowe, said, “A lot of [the Maine groups'] concerns are her concerns.” The office of Maine senator Susan Collins responded to the rallies with a statement in which the senator expressed “serious concerns” about the budget cuts.

http://www.bangornews.com/news/templates/?a=122935

13. Editorial: Fiscal Restraint Starts With Dropping Tax Cuts, Saving Programs for Disadvantaged

(“Saving Pennies While Spending Big Bucks,” miami.com, November 2, 2005)

With a five year deficit of $1.6 trillion, “Congress' efforts to restrain spending now are too little and in too many of the wrong places,” editorializes The Miami Herald. Proposed savings are small, but “would take an enormous human toll on low-income seniors, children and legal immigrants if the House's proposals are ultimately enacted.” The proposed new $70 million tax break for the affluent would merely add to the deficit and should be dropped. “Nor should Medicaid and food-stamps rolls be cut when poverty rates are so high. If anything, Congress should pare back the costly tax cuts approved since 2001.”

http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/opinion/13056828.htm

14. Aggressive Food Stamp Outreach Helping Oregon Reduce Hunger

(“Oregon Hunger Fight Pays Off,” oregonlive.com, October 29, 2005)

Oregon has made more progress in fighting hunger than any other state. It now ranks 17 th on the state hunger and food insecurity list compared to first in 2001. That Oregon's food insecurity rates have dropped to about the national average is “an accomplishment” to be proud about, noted Mark Nord, a USDA Economic Research Service sociologist. Oregon policy analysts attributed the improvement to aggressive efforts to extend food stamps to eligible people between 2000 and 2004. This is especially noticeable as, during the same period, more than two-thirds of the states saw their hunger and food insecurity rates rise. The Oregon Hunger Relief Task Force, created by the Legislature in 1989, in partnership with the Department of Human Services and the Oregon Food Bank, launched a statewide campaign to urge eligible people to apply for food stamps. In four years participation grew by 63 percent. The aggressiveness of Oregon’s food stamp outreach also explains why the hunger situation has improved even though the cost of living in the state has climbed faster than in the rest of the country while wages grew slower, according to Bruce Weber, an economist at Oregon State University. Also, the Oregon Food Bank has increased its food distribution, including in remote areas of the state.

http://tinyurl.com/cothn

15. Texas Is Most Food Insecure State

(“16% of Texas homes at risk of going hungry,” chron.com, October 28, 2005)

A higher percentage of Texas households were at risk of going hungry over the past three years than in any other state, according to a USDA report released on October 28 th. Between 2002 and 2004, more than 16 percent of the households had trouble getting enough food to eat. In nearly 5 percent of the households (the fourth highest rate in the country), at least one family member went hungry at least once, because they could not afford to buy enough food. While Texas consistently ranks among the top five states in terms of food insecurity, this is the first time it led the nation, pointed out Celia Hagert of the Austin-based Center for Public Policy Priorities.

http://www.chron.com/cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/metropolitan/3424326

See also: http://www.frac.org/Press_Release/10.28.05.html (FRAC Press Release, “Number of Hungry and Food Insecure Americans Jumps to 38 Million in 2004; Fifth Straight Annual Increase and Biggest Rise Since 2000”)

16. Utah Ranks Fifth Worst in Food Insecurity

(“Food Insecurity on Rise,” deseretnews.com, October 29, 2005)

Utah ranks fifth among the states in terms of food insecurity, with 14.8 percent of the state's households having difficulty affording adequate nutrition. Nearly five percent of the state’s households are “hungry” and cannot afford enough food. “I think it's a huge indicator of people's lack of resources. It's that people are just falling further and further” behind, said Gina Cornia of the Utahans Against Hunger. “For a bunch of people, their economic situation isn't improving,” she said. “There isn't an acknowledgment at how much people are struggling.” Bill Tibbetts of the Crossroads Urban Center thinks that “the overall picture right now is probably even worse than the numbers would indicate.” The $844 million in cuts in food stamps by the House of Representatives reflect a disconnect between lawmakers and feelings of ordinary Americans, he pointed out. “It shows a lack of vision and a lack of empathy for our fellow citizens and people across this nation for (the committee) to make this cut,” commented Lynn Parker of the Food Research and Action Center.

http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,635157140,00.html

17. News Release: USDA Awards Grants for Food Program Research

(“USDA Awards $1.3 Million for Research on Food Assistance and Nutrition Programs,” usda.gov, October 28. 2005)

Agriculture Secretary Mike Johanns announced that $1.3 million will be awarded to the Rand Corporation, Urban Institute and others for eight projects that evaluate USDA-administered food programs. “USDA's food assistance programs increase food security and reduce hunger in our communities by providing access to healthful, nutritious food to children and low-income individuals,” said Johanns. The projects will focus on effects of Food Stamp Program policies on household decisions to apply for food stamps, on length of stay in the program, and on decisions to exit the program; the effects of school food policies on the choices students make from school meal programs, school snack bars, and vending machines; the effects of Food Stamp Program policy, welfare policy, and the economy on food stamp caseloads; the relationship between food insecurity and a variety of health, nutrition, motor development, cognitive, social, and emotional outcomes for infants and toddlers; factors associated with participation in USDA's school meals program at both the school and individual level; and the relationship of Food Stamp Program benefits to household spending decisions for food consumed at home and away from home, and the implications of those decisions for household food security. All of the research projects were competitively awarded by the Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program, administered by USDA's Economic Research Service.

http://tinyurl.com/7v7sw

18. Study: Competitive Foods Have Become More Available in Schools Over Last Five Years

(“Competitive Foods Are Widely Available and Generate Substantial Revenues for Schools,” gao.gov, August 2005)

The Government Accountability Office analyzed the prevalence of “competitive foods” in American schools. These foods are not part of federally reimbursable meals; their nutritional value is not regulated. And they can be purchased in addition to, or instead of, school meals. The study found that competitive foods – ranging from fruit and milk to less healthy options such as candy and soda – in middle schools and on a la carte menus have become more available over the last 5 years. In school year 2003-2004, nearly 9 out of 10 schools sold these foods. Many schools, in particular, middle and high schools, generated substantial revenue through these sales. The 30 percent of high schools with the most revenue generated more than $125,000 per school. School food services that provide federal school meals typically spent the money from a la carte sales on food service operations. Various school groups often used funds from competitive foods for student activities. In all six school districts visited for the study, school personnel recently took measures to substitute healthy food items for unhealthy ones. However, concerns about revenue losses were among the obstacles to such a change. Effects on revenues were unclear.

http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05563.pdf

19. Florida: Disaster Food Stamp Program May Help Migrant Farmworkers

(“Farmworkers Face Uncertainty after Wilma,” miami.com, November 2, 2005)

Many mobile homes of migrant laborers in Florida were crushed by Hurricane Wilma. “'It's a disaster,” said Barbara Mainster, executive director of the Redlands Christian Migrant Association, who faulted relief efforts for not reaching farmworkers and for lacking Spanish language announcements. “People in rural areas don't live close, so to get to those staging areas, they're using their last gas to get ice.” Because of the destroyed vegetable plants, laborers will need to wait one to four months before the new plants are planted and the harvest begins. Migrant farmworkers who pick more than half of the nation's winter vegetable supply and three-quarters of the country’s citrus stock have been left a season of uncertainty. State government officials and some of the growers said they have taken measures to fill in some of the rips in the economic netting. The state Department of Children and Families will offer hurricane victims one-time disaster food stamps in the amount of $152 to $912 depending on family size.

http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/news/13056875.htm

20. California: Shopping Carts Substitute for Cars for Poor People

(“Carts as Cars,” mercurynews.com, October 29, 2005)

While most residents of San Jose get around by car, many poor residents go around with carts. Maria Taffoya uses her green plastic cart from Beverages & More to pick up her children from school and go to the laundry and a grocery store. The city and state laws require keeping shopping carts attached to their stores, but the law is difficult to enforce since the carts have long had “gritty second lives.” Tough economic times have led to more people using carts as cars, which they cannot afford. Carts are indispensable to East San Jose residents at a local food pantry and to many low-income customers of other food charities. While “more folks are figuring out ways to get carts and efficiently share them with others, stores are increasingly playing a costly, never-ending game of hunt and retrieve.” “I don't want to criminalize poverty,” said Jamie L. Matthews, a San Jose code enforcement officer. The intent of the law is to keep carts on stores’ premises, and the city does not penalize a seemingly increasing number of cart users.

http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/13029304.htm

21. Texas: WIC Clients Will Shop with Electronic Cards Instead of Paper Vouchers

(“DSHS Begins Statewide Rollout of WIC Electronic Cards,” www2.kauz.com, November 1, 2005)

After getting positive testing results in the El Paso area, the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) has began a statewide expansion of the use of an electronic benefits card, instead of paper vouchers, for purchases made by clients of the state’s Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program. The new WIC cards provide greater convenience to the program’s clients by automatically updating the remaining balance. The cards also make it easier for cashiers to ensure that only authorized foods are sold and for stores to cut down reimbursement time. With paper vouchers, the reimbursement process takes three to five weeks while the new cards will shorten it to one week.

Correction: Because of an editing error, the title of item 8 in last week's digest ("Squeezing the Poor," The St. Louis Post-Dispatch) was partially incorrect. It should have read "Raise Taxes; Do Not Cut Programs for the Poor." We thank the reader who pointed this out.

For news tips, suggestions, comments, contact Olga Doty at odoty@frac.org

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